Simple Present :
Ø Expresses
daily habits or usual activities.
Ex : - Caroline
takes
a shower every day.
- I
usually eat lunch at the cafeteria.
- Nurses
look
after patients in hospital.
Ø Expresses
general statement of fact.
Ex : - The earth revolves around the sun.
- A square has four equal sides.
- The
sky is
blue.
Present Progressive :
Ø Expresses
an activity that is in progress (is occurring, is happening) right now. The
event is in progress at the time the speaker is saying the sentence. The event
began in the past, is in progress now and will probably continue into the
future.
Ex : - Dilla can’t come to the phone right now
because he is washing his hair.
- Maulana
and Ismy are babies. They are crying. I can hear them right
now. May be
they are hungry.
Present Perfect :
Ø Expresses
the idea that something happened (or never happened) before now, at an unspecific time
in the past. The exact time it happened is not important.
Ex : - They have moved into a new apartment.
-
Have you ever visited Mexico?
Ø Expresses
the repetition
of an activity before now. The exact time of each repetition is not
important.
Ex : - I
have flown on an airplane many times.
-
You have met many people since You came here in July.
Ø When
used with for or since, expresses a situation that began
in the past and continues to the present.
Ex : -
Zahro’ has known her for a week.
-
Aris has waited for us since yesterday.
Present Perfect Progressive :
Ø Is
used to indicate the duration of an activity that began
in the past and continues to the present. When the tense has this
meaning, it is used with time words such as for, since, all morning, all day,
all week.
Ex : - She
has been sitting here for two hours.
- We
have been sitting here since seven
o’clock.
- It
has been raining all day. It is still raining right now.
Ø Expresses
the duration (the length of time) an activity is in progress.
Ex : - I
have been driving this new car for almost an hour.
- The
thieves have been kidnapping my uncle’s daughter since three days ago.
Ø An
action which began in the past and is still continuing or has only finished can
be expressed by either The Present
Perfect or The Present Perfect
Continuous. Verbs which can be used in this way include expect,
hope, learn, lie, live, look, rain, stop, sit, snow, stand, stay, study, teach,
wait, want, work.
Ex : - How
long have you learnt English?
- How
long have you been learning English?
- He
has slept for ten hours.
- He
has been sleeping for ten hours.
(A.J.
Thomson & A.V. Martinet. Page173<192>)
Simple Past :
Ø Is
used to talk about activities or situations that began and ended in the past.
Ex : - Bob
stayed home yesterday.
- Marlin
took a taxi to the airport two days ago.
Ø At
one particular time in the past, this happened. It
began and ended in the past.
Ex : - It
snowed last month.
- His
grandma watched the new television.
Ø If
a sentence contains when and has The Simple Past in both clauses, the
action in the “when clause” happens
first.
Ex : - When she heard a strange noise, she got
up to investigate.
Past Progressive :
Ø Expresses
an activity that was in progress (was occurring, was happening) at a point of
time in the past or the time of another action.
Ex : - I sat down at the dinner table at 06:00 P.M. yesterday. Tom came to my
house at 06:10 P.M. I was
eating dinner when Tom came.
Ø When
two actions are in progress at the same time, the past progressive can be used
in both parts of the sentence.
Ex : - While I was doing my homework, my roommate was watching TV.
Past Perfect :
Ø Expresses
an activity that was completed before a particular time in the
past.
Ex :
- I ate at noon. Bob came
at 1:00 P.M. my meal was
completed before
Bob
came.
- I
had eaten when Bob came.
Past Perfect Progressive :
Ø Emphasizes
the duration
of an activity that was in progress before another activity or time
in the past.
Ex :
Eric finally came at six o’clock. I had been waiting for him
since four-thirty.
Ø Expresses
an activity in progress close in time to another activity or time in the past.
Ex :
When Judy got home, her hair was still wet because she had been swimming.
Simple Future :
Ø Expresses
an activity that will happen in the
future time.
Ex : I will leave you tomorrow evening.
Ø To
express WILLINGNESS use only will.
Ex : A ; The
phone is ringing.
B
; I’ll
get it.
Ø To
express A PRIOR PLAN / PRECONCEIVED PLAN
use only be going to.
Ex : A ; Why
did you buy this paint ?
B
; I’m
going to paint my bedroom tomorrow.
Ø Be going to and
will are the same when they are used
to make predictions about the future and have same meaning.
Ex : We will
have dinner at seven.
We are
going to have dinner at seven.
Ø Probably comes
between will and the main verb.
Ex : Ree will probably
go to park tomorrow.
Ø Probably comes
in front of won’t.
Ex : Ree probably
won’t go to park tomorrow.
Ø More
formally Probably comes between will and not.
Ex : Ree will probably
not go to park tomorrow.
Future Progressive :
Ø To
express an activity that will be in progress at a time in the future.
Ex : I will begin to study at seven. You will come
at eight. I will be studying when
you came.
Future Perfect :
Ø To
express an activity that will be completed before another time or event in
the future.
Ex : Owi will graduate in June. Owi will see you in
July. By the next time Owi see you, Owi will have graduated.
Future Perfect Progressive :
Ø Emphasizes
the duration
of an activity that will be in progress before another time or event in
the future.
Ex : I will go to bed at ten pm. He will get home at midnight. At midnight
I will be sleeping. I will have been sleeping for two
hours by the time he gets home.
Simple Past Future :
Ø To
express Past Intention.
Ex : Neha would help me yesterday.
Past Future Progressive :
Ø To
express an activity that would be in progress at a time in the past (didn’t
happen).
Ex : We would be dating at seven last night.
Past Future Perfect :
Ø To
express an activity that should have been completed in the
past (but wasn’t done).
Ex : Mala would have taken care of everything
before she left home.
Past Future Perfect Progressive :
Ø To
express the activity that should have been happening at a particular time in
the past (never happened).
Ex : It would have been raining for two hours by
nine last night.
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